Where is Opportunity Rover on Mars?Hubble Photo, Topographic Map, and Mars Fact Sheet |
| Above: red cross marks the Opportunity Rover landing site on this Hubble photo taken during the Mars opposition of 2001. For the original press release and full resolution image, go to http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/newsdesk/archive/releases/2001/24/image/a |
| Above: the area on Mars outlined by the red square is detailed in the
topographic map below it. The Opportunity landing site at 2.0°S, 5.6°W is marked by the
circled red cross. One degree at the equator of Mars = 59.29 km (36.85 mile). The map shown above was cropped from a much larger version that shows the entire surface of Mars. It is available for download in PDF format; the file size is about 2 MB. Right click the link below, select "save as", and choose a folder where you want to keep it. It's a great map, it's free, and it's well worth the time to download it! http://geopubs.wr.usgs.gov/i-map/i2782/i2782_sh1.pdf
Mars Fact SheetMars/Earth Comparison -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Bulk parameters Mars Earth Ratio (Mars/Earth) Mass (10^24 kg) 0.64185 5.9736 0.107 Volume (10^10 km^3) 16.318 108.321 0.151 Equatorial radius (km) 3397 6378.1 0.533 Polar radius (km) 3375 6356.8 0.531 Volumetric mean radius (km) 3390 6371.0 0.532 Core radius (km) 1700 3485 0.488 Ellipticity (Flattening) 0.00648 0.00335 1.93 Mean density (kg/m^3) 3933 5515 0.713 Surface gravity (m/s^2) 3.71 9.80 0.379 Surface acceleration (m/s^2) 3.69 9.78 0.377 Escape velocity (km/s) 5.03 11.19 0.450 GM (x 10^6 km^3/s^2) 0.04283 0.3986 0.107 Bond albedo 0.250 0.306 0.817 Visual geometric albedo 0.150 0.367 0.409 Visual magnitude V(1,0) -1.52 -3.86 - Solar irradiance (W/m^2) 589.2 1367.6 0.431 Black-body temperature (K) 210.1 254.3 0.826 Topographic range (km) 30 20 1.500 Moment of inertia (I/MR^2) 0.366 0.3308 1.106 J2 (x 10-6) 1960.45 1082.63 1.811 Number of natural satellites 2 1 Planetary ring system No No -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Orbital parameters Mars Earth Ratio (Mars/Earth) Semimajor axis (10^6 km) 227.92 149.60 1.524 Sidereal orbit period (days) 686.980 365.256 1.881 Tropical orbit period (days) 686.973 365.242 1.881 Perihelion (10^6 km) 206.62 147.09 1.405 Aphelion (10^6 km) 249.23 152.10 1.639 Synodic period (days) 779.94 - - Mean orbital velocity (km/s) 24.13 29.78 0.810 Max. orbital velocity (km/s) 26.50 30.29 0.875 Min. orbital velocity (km/s) 21.97 29.29 0.750 Orbit inclination (deg) 1.850 0.000 - Orbit eccentricity 0.0935 0.0167 5.599 Sidereal rotation period (hrs) 24.6229 23.9345 1.029 Length of day (hrs) 24.6597 24.0000 1.027 Obliquity to orbit (deg) 25.19 23.45 1.074
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Mars Observational Parameters Discoverer: Unknown Discovery Date: Prehistoric Distance from Earth Minimum (10^6 km) 55.7 Maximum (10^6 km) 401.3 Apparent diameter from Earth Maximum (seconds of arc) 25.1 Minimum (seconds of arc) 3.5 Mean values at opposition from Earth Distance from Earth (10^6 km) 78.39 Apparent diameter (seconds of arc) 17.9 Apparent visual magnitude -2.0 Maximum apparent visual magnitude -2.91 Mars Mean Orbital Elements (J2000) Semimajor axis (AU) 1.52366231 Orbital eccentricity 0.09341233 Orbital inclination (deg) 1.85061 Longitude of ascending node (deg) 49.57854 Longitude of perihelion (deg) 336.04084 Mean Longitude (deg) 355.45332
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- North Pole of Rotation Right Ascension: 317.681 - 0.108T Declination : 52.886 - 0.061T Reference Date : 12:00 UT 1 Jan 2000 (JD 2451545.0) T = Julian centuries from reference date
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Martian Atmosphere Surface pressure: 6.36 mb at mean radius (variable from 4.0 to 8.7 mb depending on season) [6.9 mb to 9 mb (Viking 1 Lander site)] Surface density: ~0.020 kg/m^3 Scale height: 11.1 km Total mass of atmosphere: ~2.5 x 10^16 kg Average temperature: ~210 K (-63 C) Diurnal temperature range: 184 K to 242 K (-89 to -31 C) (Viking 1 Lander site) Wind speeds: 2-7 m/s (summer), 5-10 m/s (fall), 17-30 m/s (dust storm) (Viking Lander sites) Mean molecular weight: 43.34 g/mole Atmospheric composition (by volume): Major : Carbon Dioxide (CO2) - 95.32% ; Nitrogen (N2) - 2.7% Argon (Ar) - 1.6%; Oxygen (O2) - 0.13%; Carbon Monoxide (CO) - 0.08% Minor (ppm): Water (H2O) - 210; Nitrogen Oxide (NO) - 100; Neon (Ne) - 2.5; Hydrogen-Deuterium-Oxygen (HDO) - 0.85; Krypton (Kr) - 0.3; Xenon (Xe) - 0.08
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Satellites of Mars Phobos Deimos Semi-major axis* (km) 9378 23459 Sidereal orbit period (days) 0.31891 1.26244 Sidereal rotation period (days) 0.31891 1.26244 Orbital inclination (deg) 1.08 1.79 Orbital eccentricity 0.0151 0.0005 Major axis radius (km) 13.4 7.5 Median axis radius (km) 11.2 6.1 Minor axis radius (km) 9.2 5.2 Mass (10^15 kg) 10.6 2.4 Mean density (kg/m^3) 1900 1750 Geometric albedo 0.07 0.08 Visual magnitude V(1,0) +11.8 +12.89 Apparent visual magnitude (V0) 11.3 12.40 *Mean orbital distance from the center of Mars. Fact sheet data source: |
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